Roj-immersed transformers, raws li cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb hauv kev faib hluav taws xob rau kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam mining thiab cov tsev pej xeem, ua cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev txo qhov hluav taws xob ntawm 10 (6) kV lossis 35 kV siab- cov xov tooj hluav taws xob mus rau 230/400V tsheb npav voltage kom tau raws li lub zog xav tau ntawm cov neeg siv. Hom transformer no haum rau AC 50 (60) Hz cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, nrog qhov siab tshaj plaws peb -theem ntsuas qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm 2500kVA thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws ib zaug -theem ntsuas muaj peev xwm ntawm 833kVA (tab sis ib zaug-theem transformers feem ntau tsis pom zoo). Nws tuaj yeem siv sab hauv tsev lossis ntsia sab nraum zoov. Rau transformers nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 315kVA thiab hauv qab no, nws tuaj yeem raug ntsia ncaj qha rau ntawm tus ncej. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws muaj qee qhov kev xav tau hais txog ib puag ncig ib puag ncig, suav nrog qhov ntsuas kub ib puag ncig, qhov siab tshaj plaws qhov nruab nrab txhua hnub, qhov siab tshaj plaws txhua xyoo nruab nrab kub, txheeb ze av noo, thiab qhov siab. Yog tias qhov kev siv tiag tiag tsis ua raws li cov kev cai no, kev hloov kho kom tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua raws li tus qauv GB6450-86.
1. Phase Distinction Oil-immersed transformers tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb theem -theem transformers thiab ib zaug-theem transformers. Hauv peb -theem fais fab tshuab, peb-theem transformers yog qhov kev xaiv. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub peev xwm loj dhau los yog kev thauj mus los tau txwv, peb ib leeg -theem transformers tuaj yeem siv los tsim lub txhab nyiaj hloov pauv kom tau raws li qhov xav tau.
2. Winding Classification
Transformers tuaj yeem faib ua ob -winding transformers thiab peb-winding transformers raws li tus naj npawb ntawm windings. Ob -winding transformers yog hom hom, nrog ob lub windings ntawm lawv cov tub ntxhais: ib qho ua thawj winding thiab lwm yam raws li qhov thib ob winding. Peb -winding transformers feem ntau yog tsim rau cov peev txheej loj (dhau 5600 kVA), thiab cov transformers no tuaj yeem txuas mus rau peb qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kab sib txuas. Tsis tas li ntawd, hauv qee daim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb, txawm tias Satons transformers nrog ntau windings tau siv.
3. Kev faib cov qauv
Transformers tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov tub ntxhais -hom transformers thiab plhaub- hom transformers raws li lawv cov yam ntxwv. Hauv cov tub ntxhais - hom transformers, cov windings feem ntau yog qhwv nyob ib ncig ntawm sab nraud ntawm cov tub ntxhais, thaum nyob rau hauv plhaub - hom transformers, cov tub ntxhais nyob ib ncig ntawm lub windings. Ob hom kev hloov pauv no muaj qhov sib txawv me ntsis, tab sis lawv cov qauv kev ua haujlwm tsis sib txawv. Hauv kev xyaum, feem ntau ntawm cov transformers feem ntau siv hauv lub tshuab fais fab yog cov tub ntxhais - hom.
Tsis tas li ntawd, transformers kuj muaj lwm yam tseem ceeb, xws li cov tub ntxhais, windings, roj tank, roj conservator, insulating bushings, kais changers, thiab roj relays, uas ua ke ua ib tug tag nrho cov qauv ntawm transformer.
4. Core Raws li lub hauv paus ntawm transformer lub magnetic Circuit Court, cov tub ntxhais ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm transformer, cov tub ntxhais ua kom sov vim yog hysteresis thiab eddy tam sim no poob. Yuav kom txo tau qhov kub ntawm qhov poob thiab txo qhov kev hloov pauv qhov loj me thiab qhov hnyav, txias -rolled grain-cov ntaub ntawv silicon steel nrog siab permeability thiab thickness tsawg dua 0.35 hli feem ntau yog siv los tsim cov tub ntxhais. Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li kev npaj ntawm cov windings nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais, transformers tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob hom: tub ntxhais -hom thiab plhaub- hom.
Nyob rau hauv loj - muaj peev xwm transformers, kom ntseeg tau tias cov cua sov uas tsim los ntawm cov tub ntxhais poob tau zoo nqa tawm los ntawm cov roj insulating thaum lub sij hawm ncig, yog li ua tau zoo txias, cov tub ntxhais feem ntau yog tsim los nrog rau siab txias cov roj raws.
5.Windings Cov windings yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov transformer, lub luag hauj lwm rau kev hloov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob mus rau hauv lub zog sib nqus thiab rov qab mus rau hauv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob. Nyob rau hauv transformers, windings feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm insulated tooj liab los yog txhuas hlau los txo conductive losses. Ib txhij, cov ntaub ntawv insulating yog siv los qhwv thiab cais cov windings kom ntseeg tau tias kev ua haujlwm rwb thaiv tsev thiab cua sov dissipation. Raws li kev teeb tsa ntawm cov windings nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais, transformers tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob hom: core-hom thiab plhaub- hom.
Cov windings thiab cov tub ntxhais ua ke yog cov tseem ceeb ntawm lub transformer. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm transformer, cov windings tsim cov cua sov vim lawv tus kheej tsis kam lossis tiv thaiv kev sib cuag ntawm cov pob qij txha; Qhov tshwm sim no tuaj yeem piav qhia los ntawm Joule txoj cai.
Cov windings yog cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv lub transformer, thiab lawv cov kev ua haujlwm kom zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub transformer. Txawm li cas los xij, windings yuav ntsib ntau yam teeb meem thaum ua haujlwm. Ua ntej, cua sov yog tsim los ntawm windings 'tus kheej tsis kam lossis tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov pob qij txha, ib qho tshwm sim ntawm lub cev tau qhia los ntawm Joule txoj cai. Yog li ntawd, cov windings yuav tsum tsis txhob nqa tam sim no tshaj lawv cov ntsuas tam sim no rau lub sijhawm ntev los tiv thaiv overheating. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum luv luv -circuit tam sim no dhau los, nws tsim ib qho tseem ceeb electromagnetic quab yuam ntawm windings, uas yuav ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau lub transformer.
Muaj ntau hom transformer windings, qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws yog concentric thiab interleaved windings. Qhov kev ua txhaum loj ntawm cov windings no tuaj yeem ntsib nrog inter-tig luv luv Circuit Court thiab luv Circuit Court rau lub casing. Inter-tig luv Circuit Court tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev laus, kev ua haujlwm dhau los, lossis kev puas tsuaj thaum lub sijhawm dhau los ntawm - Circuit Court luv. Inter-tig luv luv Circuit Court kuj tseem tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum cov roj theem hauv lub transformer poob, ua rau qhov chaw ntawm cov windings raug rau saum cov roj saum npoo. Ib txhij, lub overcurrent thaum lub sij hawm dhau los ntawm - Circuit Court luv tuaj yeem deform lub windings, ua rau lub rwb thaiv tsev puas ntxiv thiab ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm -tig luv luv Circuit Court.
Thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam -tig luv luv tshwm sim, tam sim no nyob rau hauv luv luv -circuited winding tej zaum yuav tshaj tus nqi ntsuas, tab sis tam sim no ntawm tag nrho winding tej zaum yuav tseem nyob rau hauv qhov txwv. Hauv qhov no, cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv roj yuav qhib tau, thiab hauv qhov xwm txheej hnyav, cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv sib txawv kuj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam. Lub voj voog luv luv rau lub casing kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev laus, roj av noo, roj qib poob, lossis xob laim thiab kev ua haujlwm overvoltages. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov overcurrent thaum lub sij hawm dhau los ntawm -circuit luv luv kuj tuaj yeem ua rau winding deformation, ua rau luv Circuit Court rau casing. Hom luv luv Circuit Court no feem ntau ua rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv tiv thaiv roj thiab cov khoom siv tiv thaiv hauv av.
6. Roj Tank Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov roj -immersed transformer- cov windings thiab cov tub ntxhais - nyob rau hauv ib lub tank roj uas muaj roj transformer. Hom roj tank no feem ntau yog welded los ntawm steel daim hlau thiab yog tsim los muab kev tiv thaiv txhua yam muaj zog thiab txias txias. Rau nruab nrab thiab me me transformers, lub tank feem ntau muaj ob ntu: lub plhaub tank thiab lub tank npog. Lub cev transformer yog nyob rau hauv lub plhaub, thaum lub qhov qhib ntawm lub tank npog tswj xyuas thiab tu lub cev.
Tsis tas li ntawd, transformers tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg tseem ceeb raws li lawv txoj kev rwb thaiv tsev thiab cua txias: roj -immersed thiab qhuav- hom. Nyob rau hauv cov roj-immersed transformers, cov tub ntxhais thiab windings yog immersed ua ke nyob rau hauv transformer roj, yog li pab txhawb kev rwb thaiv tsev kev ua tau zoo thiab optimizing txias txias. Txawm li cas los xij, qhuav- hom transformers kuj tau siv rau hauv qee yam kev siv, xws li kev teeb pom kev zoo thiab kuv lub teeb pom kev zoo.
1. Tsis yog-cov roj kaw-immersed transformers, xws li S8, S9, thiab S10 series, feem ntau yog siv hauv kev lag luam thiab mining lag luam, kev ua liaj ua teb, thiab kev tsim vaj tse.
2. Cov roj ntim cov roj-immersed transformers, suav nrog cov qauv xws li S9, S9-M, thiab S10-M, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog haum rau cov cheeb tsam nyuaj nrog cov roj thiab tshuaj lom neeg ntau, xws li cov roj av thiab tshuaj lom neeg kev lag luam.
3. Cov roj foob-immersed transformers, xws li BS9, S9-, S10-, S11-MR, SH, thiab SH12-M series, tau dav siv rau kev faib hluav taws xob hauv ntau qhov chaw, suav nrog kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam mining, kev ua liaj ua teb, thiab cov vaj tsev nyob.
Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj cov transformers tsim los rau cov hom phiaj tshwj xeeb, xws li siab -voltage transformers rau kev sim, transformers rau hluav taws xob rauv, transformers rau vuam, thiab transformers siv nyob rau hauv thyristor circuits. Voltage transformers thiab tam sim no transformers rau ntsuas ntsuas yog qhov tseem ceeb.
a. Qhov qis-voltage winding ntawm cov roj-immersed transformer, tshwj tsis yog siv tooj liab tus neeg xyuas pib hauv tus qauv me me - muaj peev xwm, feem ntau siv cov qauv cylindrical nrog tooj liab ntawv winding. Lub siab-voltage winding siv ntau- txheej txheej cylindrical. Qhov kev tsim no pab tswj kom muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm ampere-tig kev faib tawm, txo cov dej ntws tawm, thiab txhim kho cov neeg kho tshuab lub zog thiab luv luv- Circuit Court muaj peev xwm.
b. Txhawm rau kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg, ob qho tib si cov tub ntxhais thiab cov windings tau ruaj ntseg nrog tus kheej - xauv cov txiv ntseej kom tiv thaiv cov pob thaum thauj. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov qauv coreless tso cai rau lub transformer kom tiv taus kev thauj mus los ntau dua.
c. Thaum lub sij hawm tsim khoom, ob qho tib si cov coils thiab cov tub ntxhais tau siv lub tshuab nqus tsev kom qhuav, thiab cov tshuab nqus cov roj pom thiab cov txheej txheem txhaj tshuaj yog ua haujlwm los xyuas kom meej tias cov dej noo hauv sab hauv raug txo qis.
d. Cov roj tank nta ib qho kev tsim qauv zoo nrog cov ntawv corrugated, uas muaj cov pa ua pa kom them rau cov roj ntim hloov pauv los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, yog li tshem tawm qhov xav tau ntawm cov roj conservator thiab txo qhov siab ntawm transformer.
e. Vim yog siv cov ntawv corrugated, cov roj transformer yog cais tawm ntawm huab cua sab nraud, tiv thaiv kev nkag mus ntawm oxygen thiab noo noo, yog li tswj xyuas kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm rwb thaiv tsev.
f. Hauv cov ntsiab lus, cov qauv tsim ua ke ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov roj-immersed transformers tsis tas yuav tsum tau hloov roj raws li kev thauj khoom ib txwm muaj, txo cov nqi tu thiab ncua lawv lub neej kev pab cuam ntau heev.
Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej nrog ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm thawj los yog theem nrab loads, nws yog pom zoo kom configure ob los yog ntau tshaj transformers. Txoj kev no, txawm hais tias ib qho kev hloov pauv hloov pauv, lub peev xwm ntawm qhov seem ntawm cov hloov pauv tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm lub zog ntawm thawj thiab theem nrab loads. Ib txhij, thawj thiab theem nrab loads yuav tsum tau concentrated kom ntau li ntau tau kom tsis txhob muaj ntau dispersion.
Thaum lub caij muaj peev xwm thauj khoom loj, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb raug pom zoo. Piv txwv muaj xws li cua txias lub tub yees loads thiab cua sov hluav taws xob cua sov loads nyob rau hauv loj civil vaj tse. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov nrog siab concentrated loads, siab transformers raug pom zoo. Qhov no suav nrog cov khoom siv cua sov loj, X- cov tshuab hluav taws xob loj, thiab lub tshuab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob.
Yog tias lub teeb pom kev loj loj, lossis yog tias sib koom lub tshuab hluav taws xob rau lub zog thiab teeb pom kev zoo cuam tshuam rau lub teeb pom kev zoo thiab lub teeb lub neej, lub teeb pom kev zoo transformer tuaj yeem ntsia tau. Feem ntau, lub hwj chim thiab teeb pom kev zoo sib koom ib qho kev hloov pauv.
7. Kev ua haujlwm ib puag ncig:
Raws li ib puag ncig ib puag ncig, ob qho tib si roj -immersed thiab qhuav- hom transformers yog cov kev xaiv siv tau. Cov transformers no tsim nyog rau kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam mining, ywj siab lossis txuas nrog substations hauv kev ua liaj ua teb, thiab cov chaw ywj pheej hauv thaj chaw nyob. Muaj cov qauv hloov pauv muaj xws li S8, S9, S10, SC(B)9, thiab SC(B)10. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ntawm kev xaiv transformer yuav tsum raug txiav txim siab.
① Cov transformers no tuaj yeem tswj tau ntev - lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ruaj khov ntawm 220℃.
② Lawv tuaj yeem tiv taus luv luv - lub sij hawm siab - qhov kub thiab txias ntawm 350℃.
③ Cov transformers no muaj kev ua tau zoo heev txawm hais tias qhov kub thiab txias hloov pauv los yog cov av noo hloov pauv.
④ Ntawm 250 degree, lawv yuav tsis yaj, ntws, lossis txhawb kev sib txuas.
⑤ Txawm tias qhov zoo tshaj plaws, cov hloov pauv no yuav tsis tso cov pa phem lossis corrosive gases txawm tias qhov kub thiab txias txog li 750 degree.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov transformers no muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo heev, muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm lub zog raws li ntau yam kev ua haujlwm nyuaj.
Thaum txiav txim siab lub peev xwm ntawm kev faib cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, lub peev xwm ntawm ntau yam khoom siv hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab, thiab cov khoom suav nrog (feem ntau tsis suav nrog kev tiv thaiv hluav taws). Lub peev xwm them rov qab yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau kev xaiv lub peev xwm transformer thiab tus lej. Feem ntau, transformer load yam khoom yog tswj ntawm kwv yees li 85%. Txoj kev no yog qhov yooj yim thiab haum rau kev kwv yees muaj peev xwm.
Raws li cov lus pom zoo ntawm GB / T17468-1998 "Kev Xaiv Cov Lus Qhia rau Fais Fab Hloov Hloov", cov kev xaiv muaj peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau ua ke nrog GB / T15164-94 "Load Guidelines for Oil-Immersed Power Transformers" lossis GB/T17211-1998 "Lub Hwj Chim ntawm Kev Txiav Txim Siab raws li Dr. thauj khoom. Ob txoj kev qhia tau hais los saum toj no muab cov khoos phis tawj thiab cov duab kos lub voj voog ib txwm ua kom raug txiav txim siab txog lub peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Transformer roj yog nyiam rau nws zoo heev rwb thaiv tsev thiab thermal conductivity, thiab nws cov nqi kuj pheej yig.
Transformer roj zoo daws teeb meem ntawm cov cua kub dissipation thiab siab -voltage rwb thaiv tsev nyob rau hauv loj- muaj peev xwm transformers.
Txawm li cas los xij, nws tseem muaj qee qhov tsis zoo:
Transformer roj yog flammable; Kev sib cuag nrog cov nplaim hluav taws tuaj yeem ua rau combustion lossis tawg, yuav tsum tau ceev faj.
Cov roj no ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau kev noj qab haus huv, xav tau kev tiv thaiv tsim nyog thaum ua haujlwm.
Transformer roj yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam cov kws tshaj lij tsis tu ncua kom ntseeg tau tias nws qhov kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov thiab nyab xeeb.
Roj-immersed transformers yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm kev sib khi thiab kev cuam tshuam rau kev laus, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj roj txaus ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm. Qhov no tsis tsuas yog cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv ib txwm muaj tab sis kuj tseem tuaj yeem muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau ib puag ncig ib puag ncig.
Roj-immersed transformers muaj cov chav kawm rwb thaiv tsev tsawg, feem ntau tsim thiab tsim raws li Class A cov qauv rwb thaiv tsev. Yog li ntawd, kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them rau lawv qhov kev ntsuam xyuas lifespan thaum xaiv thiab siv.
Lub℃ntawm polymerization (DP) ntawm transformer rwb thaiv tsev cov ntaub ntawv yog ib qho tseem ceeb qhia rau kev ntsuas cov℃ntawm rwb thaiv tsev laus, thiab nws qhov tseeb thiab kev ntseeg tau dav lees paub. Txhawm rau txiav txim siab txog qib kev laus ntawm transformers, peb feem ntau siv qhov nruab nrab℃ntawm polymerization (DP) ntawm insulating paperboard raws li tus qauv. Cov hauv qab no yog peb cov txheej txheem: Qhov nruab nrab DP tsawg dua 450 qhia txog qib kev ua neej; qhov nruab nrab DP tsawg dua 250 qhia tau tias yog qib txaus ntshai.
1) Tensile Strength Standards rau Lifespan thiab Hazard Qib
Hauv qib lifespan, cov ntawv insulating khaws 60% ntawm nws qhov pib siab tshaj plaws tensile lub zog nyob rau sab nraud luv luv -circuit tej yam kev mob. Thaum cov qib txaus ntshai tau mus txog, qhov seem ntawm lub zog poob mus rau 15%.
2) DP Failure Probability Standards rau Japanese Insulating Paper Fibers
Thaum tus nqi DP ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 450, qhov ua tsis tiav ntawm cov ntawv insulating fiber ntau yog 0; thaum tus nqi DP nyob nruab nrab ntawm 450 thiab 250, qhov ua tsis tiav qhov tshwm sim yog inversely proportional rau tus nqi DP, tshwj xeeb (450 - DP) / 200; thiab thaum tus nqi DP tsawg dua 250, qhov ua tsis tau zoo yog 1.
3) Formula rau kwv yees lub neej seem ntawm lub transformer siv nruab nrab DP
Peb tuaj yeem kwv yees lub neej seem ntawm lub tshuab hloov pauv siv nws qhov nruab nrab qhov nruab nrab DP tus nqi (n0), qhov nruab nrab DP tom qab L xyoo (nL), thiab tus naj npawb ntawm xyoo L. Cov qauv tshwj xeeb yog: Lub neej tseem tshuav (nL/n0)=(1 - r)L, qhov twg r yog tus nqi txo qis hauv nruab nrab DP.
Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm cov roj-immersed fais fab transformer, cov cua kub uas tsim los ntawm cov windings thiab cov tub ntxhais yog thawj zaug xa mus rau cov roj transformer, thiab tom qab ntawd los ntawm cov roj mus rau qhov nruab nrab cua txias. Nyob ntawm lub peev xwm ntawm transformer, muaj ntau ntau txoj kev txias:
1. Natural roj ncig cua txias, piv txwv li, roj - raus tus kheej - txias.
2. Natural oil ncig cua txias, piv txwv li, roj -immersed cua txias.
3. yuam cov roj ncig dej txias.
4. yuam cov roj ncig cua txias.
Cov no yog cov kev ua kom txias rau cov roj -immersed power transformers. Xaiv txoj kev ua kom txias kom tsim nyog raws li kev siv tiag tiag yog qhov tseem ceeb heev.
1. Muaj peev xwm siv tau: Haum rau qhov siab tsis tshaj 1000 meters, siv sab hauv tsev lossis sab nraum zoov.
2. Ib puag ncig tej yam kev mob: ruaj khov ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws ambient kub +40℃thiab siab tshaj plaws nruab nrab txhua hnub kub +30℃.
3. Qhov kub thiab txias: qhov nruab nrab txhua xyoo kub +20℃, yam tsawg kawg nkaus kub -25℃.
4. Customization: Transformer kev daws teeb meem rau kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem muab tau raws li cov neeg siv xav tau.
Tom ntej no, peb yuav delve rau hauv qhov kev ntsuam xyuas txhaum ntawm cov txheej txheem txias no hauv kev siv tswv yim.
Transformers yuav ntsib ntau yam txhaum thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, suav nrog kev ua yuam kev hauv windings, bushings, kais hloov pauv, thiab cov khoom siv xws li cov tub ntxhais thiab lub tank. Winding faults mas manifest as inter-tig short circuits, winding grounding, phase-to-the short circuits, open circuits, and weld failures. Bushing faults feem ntau yog tshwm sim los ntawm scale buildup, uas tuaj yeem yooj yim ua rau flashover thaum muaj huab cua hnyav lossis los nag, ua rau ib zaug -theem grounding los yog theem- mus rau-theem luv circuits ntawm lub siab -voltage sab ntawm lub transformer. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev xau loj kuj yog ib qho teeb meem tseem ceeb, uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab nrib pleb, foob tsis ua haujlwm, kev vibration thaum ua haujlwm, cuam tshuam sab nraud rau lub tank, thiab kev puas tsuaj corrosion. Yog tias pom tias muaj cov dej xau, lub transformer yuav tsum raug kaw tam sim ntawd rau kev kho thiab lubrication. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kais changer malfunctions kuj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas kom zoo.